OT

What is phantom OT?   Phantom OT comprises systems that operate without any policy, security, or governance controls within an enterprise. They are either outside the realm of any security intervention or are deliberately overlooked in terms of security measures and policy recommendations because:  An AI-Generated tool paints an apt representation of a phantom OT system Security challenges associated with Phantom OT  Phantom OT can have multiple security and operational implications for ICS asset owners. It also opens up a gap in compliance with IEC 62443 specifically vis-à-vis  IEC 62443 2-1 outlining the requirements for an Industrial Automation Control System (IACS) security program. It can also hamper the validation of organizational security measures while lowering the accuracy of reassessments done to measure the impact of organizational and technical security measures.   “If the organization has conducted an ICS risk and gap assessment but has not identified Phantom OT for remediation, there is a strong possibility that the assessment was not performed in accordance with the requirements outlined in IEC 62443-3-2.”  The security gaps arising from Phantom OT also bring forth issues related to ownership of these assets and the infrastructure.  Overall, it renders the infrastructure vulnerable to attacks, breaches, and rogue insider activity.    As the rest of the enterprise moves on, such assets could theoretically be stuck in a time warp and exist as silos within the larger infrastructure. This presents challenges in terms of security and operations and if not addressed, can pose a much bigger security and disruption risk to the enterprise. Read More: How to get started with OT security   Phantom OT is not a mere symptom of bad governance and security practices. Instead, it represents challenges in adopting security measures at a granular level. Phantom OT also opens gaps that grow with the passage of time and allow threats to move across converged environments to target more complex systems upstream or downstream.    Threats from Phantom OT   How to deal with Phantom OT  Developing a deeper understanding of the asset landscape is a good place to implement a strategy to deal with Phantom OT. By identifying the presence of and the practices that lead to the establishment of Phantom OT, an enterprise can address the security challenge.   Other steps to deal with Phantom OT include:  To learn more about better asset management strategies and IEC 62443-based security practices and compliance measures, get in touch with us for a free no-obligation consultation.   Thinking of a ICS security training program for your employees? Talk to us for a custom package.   

Conducting a risk assessment and gap analysis exercise for Industrial Control System environments is important from cybersecurity, business continuity, and risk mitigation perspectives. It is important to bring the risk exposure down to acceptable levels and minimize the risk tolerance with every assessment cycle so that the overall risk sensitivity of the enterprise improves measurably.   Where to start your Risk Assessment & Gap Analysis journey? What is the best time to start an assessment? As a matter of practice, there shouldn’t be a gap of more than 300 days between every OT/ICS & IoT risk assessment and gap analysis cycle.  If 300 days have passed since you conducted your last ICS risk assessment cycle, then an assessment is due right now. A gap of 300 days gives your security team enough time to address the gaps identified in the last round and gives you sufficient time to plan the next assessment with your OT/ICS & IoT risk assessment and gap analysis vendor.   Such a time frame also overlaps between multiple procurement cycles so that the maximum number of new assets are considered and are covered in an assessment.   Planning an assessment is not just about bringing the plant and other stakeholders on board to derive a schedule. Instead, an OT/ICS & IoT risk assessment and gap analysis planning exercise should ideally have the following: Planning an OT/ICS and IoT Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis An example from our experience of conducting OT/ICS and IoT Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis In one of the OT/ICS risk assessment and gap analysis projects that Sectrio did recently, we covered an asset base that was spread across over 994 miles (1600 km). In this project, the planning phase itself stretched over 38 days as we had to also study the report submitted by another vendor during a previous assessment. Further, our pre-assessment teams also visited multiple sites to get a first-hand view of the infrastructure along with site-specific challenges/considerations.   Other considerations while planning a Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis:  Focus areas for the pre-assessment phase    The initial/ pre-assessment steps should ideally set the stage for a more comprehensive and relevant assessment exercise. However, the initial assessment should be seen not merely as an enabler for the next assessment. The initial assessment has legs of its own to stand on and if done right, the gaps identified in this assessment can be addressed as action items on their own.   The following should be the focus areas for the pre-assessment phase:  Simplifying the approach to OT/ICS and IoT Risk Assessment & Gap Analysis Considerations for an On-site Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis Things to watch out for A less than diligent and studied assessment effort can tick a checklist line item but can never lead to any substantial change in the security posture of any organization.   Sectrio has engaged many enterprises where someone else had conducted the assessment but the findings were of no use to the teams or to the business. So how do you protect your business from unhelpful assessments? Here’s how:  When done well, an OT/ICS & IoT Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis Exercise can turn into a helpful ally to improve your security posture.   Sectrio can help you with an OT/ICS and IoT Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis Sectrio has extensive experience in securing enterprises across the globe using proprietary Risk Assessment and Gap analysis methodologies aligned with IEC 62443 and NIST CSF. Our assessments are decision-oriented and provide a complete picture of your security level along with clear measures to improve security levels and address any compliance mandate or security concern.   Talk to us today for more.  Contact us | Request for a quotation

The Need for OT Security Training The frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks targeting OT systems have increased significantly in recent years. According to CISA, the energy, manufacturing, and water sectors are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on OT systems​​.  According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), proper training helps organizations identify vulnerabilities, implement security controls, and respond effectively to incidents (NIST Special Publication 800-82, 2015).  Notable examples include the attack on water controllers in Israel and the ransomware incident at Brunswick Corporation, which disrupted manufacturing operations. The Department of Energy (DOE) also stresses the need for ongoing education to keep pace with evolving threats in the energy sector (DOE Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model, 2022). The United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom reported the highest number of breaches, underscoring the global nature of these threats.  By investing in OT Security Training, organizations can better protect their assets, ensure operational continuity, and comply with regulatory requirements. Major Countries Affected by OT Cybersecurity Breaches in 2023 This graph represents the proportion of surveyed organizations in each country that experienced at least one OT cybersecurity breach in the past year. Reference: European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), Cybersecurity Ventures, and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) provide insights on cybersecurity challenges and responses, particularly in critical infrastructure sectors​ Impact of OT Security Breaches: Potential Consequences for Industries OT security breaches can have severe consequences for various industries, including manufacturing, energy, and transportation: These examples highlight the critical need for robust OT security measures to protect essential services and infrastructure.  Reference: Security Week , Industrial Cyber Regulatory Compliance Several regulations and standards mandate OT security training: These regulations emphasize the importance of OT security training in protecting critical infrastructure and ensuring operational resilience. Organizations must stay informed about applicable rules in their industry and region to maintain compliance and enhance their security posture. Overview of OT Security Training Programs OT security training programs are designed to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to protect critical infrastructure from cyber threats. These programs are essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of industrial systems in sectors such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation. Training Components: Key Topics Covered in OT Security Training OT security training typically includes a range of topics that are critical for safeguarding industrial control systems. Some of the key components are: Risk Assessment: Incident Response: Threat Detection: Compliance and Standards: Best Practices for OT Security: Benefits of OT Security Training OT security training offers several key benefits for organizations seeking to protect their critical infrastructure. Below are the main advantages derived from such training programs. Enhanced Knowledge and Skills: How Training Improves Understanding and Management of OT SecurityProactive Threat Management: Ability to Anticipate and Mitigate Security ThreatsCompliance and Best Practices: Ensuring Adherence to Industry Standards and RegulationsImproved Organizational Security: Overall Impact on the Security Posture of the Organization Features of a Comprehensive OT Security Training Program A comprehensive OT security training program such as Sectrio’s OT and IoT Training Services is designed to address the unique needs of various industries and equip professionals with the skills necessary to protect critical infrastructure. Below are the key features of such a program. Customized Curriculum: Designed for Specific Industry Needs and Challenges A robust OT security training program offers a customized curriculum that addresses the specific needs and challenges of different industries. This tailoring ensures that the content is relevant and practical for the participants.  For example, the training for professionals in the energy sector might focus on protecting power grids and energy management systems, while training for manufacturing might emphasize securing production lines and supply chain systems. Customization ensures that participants gain knowledge and skills directly applicable to their work environment. Hands-on Learning: Practical Exercises and Real-world Scenarios Hands-on learning is a critical component of effective OT security training. Practical exercises and real-world scenarios allow participants to apply theoretical knowledge in a controlled environment.  This approach helps them understand the practical aspects of OT security, such as identifying and mitigating risks, responding to incidents, and implementing security measures. By engaging in hands-on activities, participants can better retain information and develop the confidence needed to manage OT security in their organizations. Expert Instructors: Learning from Experienced Professionals in the Field The quality of instruction is crucial in any training program. Comprehensive OT security training is delivered by expert instructors who have extensive experience in the field. These professionals bring valuable insights and real-world expertise to the training, providing participants with a deep understanding of OT security challenges and best practices.  Continuous Learning: Opportunities for Ongoing Education and Certification.OT security is an ever-evolving field, and continuous learning is essential for staying current with the latest threats and technologies. A comprehensive training program offers opportunities for ongoing education, such as advanced courses, workshops, and seminars. Additionally, certification programs validate the participants’ skills and knowledge, providing them with recognized credentials that enhance their professional development. How to Get Started with OT Security Training As said earlier, OT security training is essential for protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats. Here’s how to get started with OT security training, including choosing the right program, getting stakeholder buy-in, and implementing the training effectively. Choosing the Right Program Factors to Consider When Selecting a Training Provider When selecting an OT security training provider, it’s important to consider several factors to ensure the program meets your organization’s needs: Getting Buy-In: Strategies to Convince Stakeholders of the Importance of OT Security Training Securing stakeholder buy-in is crucial for the successful implementation of OT security training. Here are some strategies to convince stakeholders: Implementing Training: Steps to Integrate Training into Your Organization’s Security Strategy Once you have selected a training program and secured stakeholder buy-in, follow these steps to integrate the training into your organization’s security strategy: By carefully choosing the right program, convincing stakeholders of its importance, and effectively implementing the training, your organization can significantly enhance its OT security and better protect its critical infrastructure from cyber

Cybersecurity in the aviation industry is not just about protecting data; it’s about safeguarding lives. A single cyberattack can have catastrophic consequences, disrupting air travel, compromising safety, and causing significant economic damage.  This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to OT cybersecurity in the aviation industry. Whether you’re a cybersecurity professional, a stakeholder in the aviation industry, or simply interested in the intersection of technology and aviation, this guide will provide valuable insights into the critical role of cybersecurity in aviation. Statistics on Recent OT/IT cyberattacks in the Aviation Industry The aviation sector has become a rising target for cyberattacks due to its reliance on vastly interconnected digital infrastructures, global supply chains, and the torrential volume of sensitive data it handles. These statistics highlight the increasing threat of OT cyberattacks in the aviation industry and underscore the importance of robust cybersecurity measures.  Understanding Operational Technology (OT) in Aviation Definition of Operational Technology (OT) in Aviation Operational technology (OT) refers to the hardware and software systems used to monitor, control, and manage physical processes and machinery in various industries, including aviation. Unlike information technology (IT), which primarily deals with data processing and communication, OT systems directly interact with the physical world. In the aviation industry, OT is essential for the safe and efficient operation of aircraft, airports, and air traffic control systems. Understanding the OT Systems Used in the Aviation Industry and Their Role OT plays a pivotal role in the aviation industry. It refers to the hardware and software used to change, monitor, or control physical devices, processes, and events in the enterprise. In the context of aviation, OT encompasses the systems and equipment that ensure the smooth operation of flights and related services. OT is deeply planted in the aviation industry, touching on every aspect from flight operations to passenger services. Its role is critical in ensuring safety, efficiency, and reliability in aviation operations.  The Current State of OT Cybersecurity in Aviation The current cybersecurity landscape in aviation is characterized by a significant rise in cyber threats targeting OT systems. These threats are not just increasing in number but also in sophistication, with high-value targets in the aviation industry handling a vast amount of valuable data, including passenger information, financial records, and proprietary technology.  This has led to an increase in motivations for threat actors, ranging from data and monetary theft to causing disruptions and harm. 1. The dynamic threat Landscape The aviation industry has seen a significant increase in cyber threats targeting OT systems. These threats range from ransomware attacks to data breaches, and their frequency and sophistication are on the rise. The interconnected nature of OT systems in aviation means that a single vulnerability can have far-reaching impacts, affecting everything from flight operations to passenger services. 2. Impact of Cyber Threats The potential impact of cyber threats on the aviation industry is substantial. A successful attack can disrupt flight operations, leading to delays or cancellations. In the worst-case scenario, a cyberattack could compromise the safety of flights. Additionally, data breaches can lead to the loss of sensitive data, damaging the reputation of airlines and resulting in significant financial losses. 3. Cybersecurity Measures In response to the growing threat landscape, the aviation industry has been taking steps to improve OT cybersecurity. These measures include implementing robust security controls, conducting regular risk assessments, and training employees on cybersecurity best practices. However, the rapidly evolving nature of cyber threats means that these measures need to be continually updated and improved. 4. Regulatory Environment The regulatory environment for OT cybersecurity in aviation is also evolving. Regulatory bodies around the world are introducing new standards and regulations aimed at improving cybersecurity in the industry. These regulations are driving changes in the industry, but they also present challenges, as airlines and other industry stakeholders need to ensure they are compliant. Recent Cybersecurity Incidents in the Aviation Industry Boeing  We have already spoken about the case earlier. This reiterates the fact that the aerospace sector has become a rising target for cyberattacks due to its reliance on vastly interconnected digital infrastructures, global supply chains, and the torrential volume of sensitive data it handles.  More recently, this attack trend has been amplified by the rapidly growing integration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies, rising geopolitical tensions, and the US government’s decision to designate aerospace and aviation as critical infrastructure.  As mentioned before, Boeing Chief Security Officer Richard Puckett noted that “occurrences of ransomware inside the aviation supply chain” had shot up by 600% in 2022.   This sectoral ransomware trend has persisted since Puckett flagged the threat, headlined by LockBit 3.0 ’s breach of Boeing last November and its alleged compromise of the non-profit aerospace corporation. Moreover, the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) reported that ransomware was the sector’s leading attack trend in 2022, accounting for 22% of all malicious incidents. In fact, there were 52 attacks reported in 2020, 48 attacks in 2021, and 50 attacks reported by the end of August 2023, indicating a consistent occurrence of attacks on the aviation industry. Cyberattacks on London City Airport and Birmingham Airport Both of these airports experienced disruptions due to cyber intrusions. Moreover, ransomware attacks on supply chain players have seen an alarming rise, increasing by as much as 600% since the previous year. Air Albania Cyberattack A recent report highlighted a cyberattack against Air Albania. The details of the attack and its impact were not disclosed, but it underscores the vulnerability of airlines to cyber threats. Cambodia Angkor Air Cyberattack: The Host Kill Crew Hackers targeted Cambodia Angkor Air. The specifics of the attack and its consequences were not revealed, but it’s another example of airlines being targeted by cybercriminals. Gulf Air Cyberattack Gulf Air was also a victim of a cyberattack. The details of the attack and its impact were not disclosed, but it highlights the ongoing threat to airlines from cyberattacks. Qatar Airways Data Leak Qatar Airways suffered a data leak allegedly caused by the R00TK1T